Phenothiazines as preanesthetic agents:
- antiemetic effects
- antiarrhythmic effects
- sedative effects
- A & C
- A, B & C
Hydroxyzine (Atarax,Vistaril) as a preanesthetic agent:
- cholinomimetic properties
- anxiolytic
- bronchoconstriction
Anticholinergics are used as preanesthetics primarily to reduce vagal effects that occur during surgery
- true
- false
Post-anesthesia emergence symptoms more common:
- atropine
- scopolamine
- glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
Greater CNS activity:
- scopolamine
- atropine
Relatively more effective in reducing secretions; less effective in preventing reflex bradycardia
- scopolamine
- atropine
Reduction of gastric fluid volume.: important to decrease risk of aspiration pneumonitis
- true
- false
Patients at high risk for aspiration pneumonitis include those
- patients in acute pain requiring emergency surgery with "full stomach"
- patients with hiatus hernia
- patients with esophageal reflux
- A & C
- A, B & C
Adults: relatively high-risk of pulmonary complications if aspiration volume (aspiration gastric contents):
- volume > 5 ml & pH > 6.5
- volume > 25 ml & pH < 2.5
- both
- neither
Metoclopramide (Reglan):
- dopamine antagonist
- causes pylorus constriction
- causes duodenal constriction
- increases gastroesophageal sphincter tone
- B & C
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
- stimulates upper gastrointestinal motility
- may be administered orally or parenterally
- increases the rated gastric emptying
- does not guarantee complete gastric emptying
- all of the above
Metoclopramide (Reglan) --
- reduced efficacy if used following sodium citrate administration
- increased efficacy in reducing aspiration pneumonia risk if combined with ranitidine (Zantac) before elective surgery
- both
- neither
