Antihypertensive Drugs: Question Set #3

Physiological responses associated with rapid increases in BP:
1. excitation of the vagal centers
2. positive inotropic effects
3. positive chronotropic effects
4. A & C
5. B & C
Hemodynamic responses in anesthetized patients who had been receiving antihypertensive drug treatment:
1. increased venous return cause by positive-pressure ventilation
2. excessive responses associated with body position changes
3. both
4. neither
Areas of concern for administration of anesthetics to patients treated with antihypertensive drugs:
1. orthostatic hypotension
2. increased sensitivity to indirect-acting sympathomimetic agents
3. altered physiological responses to sympathomimetic drugs
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Antihypertensive drug treatment should be maintained perioperatively:
1. true
2. false
Principal classes of diuretics used in management of hypertension:
1. loop diuretics
2. thiazide diuretics
3. potassium-sparing diuretics
4. B & C
5. A & C
Probable mechanistic bases for reduced blood pressure initially-when thiazides are used
1. reduced vascular resistance
2. reduction in extracellular volume
3. reduction in cardiac output
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Site of action of thiazide diuretics:
1. sodium channel blockade in late distal tubule and collecting duct
2. mineralocorticoid receptors
3. sodium, chloride synport transporter at the distal convoluted tubule
4. loop of Henle
Potassium sparing diuretic:
1. bumetanide (Bumex)
2. chlorothiazide (Diuril)
3. amiloride (Midamor)
4. mannitol (Osmitrol)
5. acetazolamide (Diamox)
Example(s) of centrally-acting sympatholytics:
1. hydralazine (Apresoline)
2. diltiazem (Cardiazem)
3. guanabenz (Wytensin)
4. nitroprusside sodium (Nipride)
5. mecamylamine (Inversine)
Adverse effect(s) associated with autonomic ganglionic blockade:
1. bladder dysfunction
2. xerostromia
3. blurred vision
4. paralytic ileus
5. all of the above
Relatively common use for ganglionic blocking drugs
1. management of moderate hypertension
2. treatment of paralytic ileus
3. to reduce heart rate
4. hypertension associated with dissecting aortic aneurysm
5. renovascular stenosis
Adrenergic nerve blockers -- antihypertensive agents:
1. reserpine
2. guanethidine (Ismelin)
3. guanadrel (Hylorel)
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Adverse effects associated with guanethidine and guanadrel:
1. hypotension (symptomatic)
2. male sexual dysfunction
3. diarrhea
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Cardioselective beta adrenergic receptor blockers mainly affect this receptor subtype:
1. beta1
2. beta2
Selective beta1 blocker(s):
1. atenolol (Tenormin)
2. propranolol (Inderal)
3. acebutolol (Sectral)
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Beta-blocker with some intrinsic sympathomimetic properties:
1. propranolol (Inderal)
2. metoprolol (Lopressor)
3. pindolol (Visken)
4. esmolol (Brevibloc)
5. none of the above
Beta-blocker that might be preferable in a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes:
1. propranolol (Inderal)
2. timolol (Blocadren)
3. atenolol (Tenormin)
4. pindolol (Visken)
Antihypertensive properties of beta-blockers may be reduced by concurrent administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
1. true
2. false
Principal mechanisms by which beta adrenergic receptor blockade decreases BP:
1. vasodilation-- arteriolar
2. vasodilation -- venular
3. reduced heart rate and reduced myocardial contractility
4. blockade of angiotensin II receptors
5. decreased central sympathetic outflow
Effect of beta adrenergic blockers on renin levels:
1. increase
2. decrease
3. no effect
Effect of beta adrenergic blockers on angiotensin II levels:
1. increase
2. decrease
3. no effect
Adverse effect(s) associated with beta-adrenergic blockers:
1. decreased blood triglyceride levels
2. impotence
3. bronchospasm
4. B & C
5. A, B & C