Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 13:  Opioid Pharmacology Advanced Topics

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1Intravenous Opioid Anesthetics:  Pruitus

1Opioids: Some Therapeutic Actions

1Opioids: Adverse Effects and Non-Therapeutic Effects

Nucleus ambiguus

(The Digital Slice of Life is a cooperative project with the Slice of Life office, KUED Media Solutions, and the Knowledge Weavers Project.) http://medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/

Nucleus Tractus Solitarius

Attribution:  Dr. Al Ferguson, Queen's University at Kingston

Ventilatory Responses to Progressive Hypercapnia (Opioid-induced) (figure 10-12, reference 1)

"In this illustration, the slope of line A is approximately 2 L/min/mmHg, although wide range of responses in humans exists.  The slope of the ventilatory response to CO2 is reduced to 1 and 0.5 and lines B and C respectively.  Lines B and C are also shifted to the right of line A.   Line speed and see have the same intercept along the X axis, indicating no displacement or shift of line C compared with line B."  (Reference 1)

 

1Factors that Influence Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression

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