Pharmacology General Principles

Most drug have molecular weights between:
1. 10 - 100
2. 100 and 1000
3. 7 - about 60000
4. above 60000
5. none of the above
Bond type that is seen in some drug-receptor interactions and tends to very strong, often nearly irreversible:
1. hydrophobic
2. electrostatic
3. covalent
4. A & C
5. B & C
Example(s) of covalent drug-receptor interactions:
1. activated phenoxybenzamine-receptor
2. anti-cancer DNA alkylating drugs, like cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)
3. norepinephrine
4. A & B
5. A, B & C
Term having to do with drug actions on the body:
1. pharmacokinetics
2. pharmacodynamics
3. pharmacogenetics
4. placebo
5. all of the above
General term having to do with actions of the body on the drug:
1. pharmacodynamics
2. pharmacogenetics
3. pharmacokinetics
4. absorption
5. none of the above
Pharmacological antagonists:
1. cause receptor down regulation
2. prevent binding of other molecules to the receptor by their binding to the receptor
3. atropine (blocks ACh action on the heart
4. A & B
5. B & C
Drug-transport system described as "energy requiring":
1. glomerular filtration
2. facilitated diffusion
3. active transport
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Most important factor influencing drug absorption rate following intramuscular injection:
1. needle diameter
2. rate of administration
3. injection site blood flow
4. injection volume
Most common mechanism of drug permeation:
1. endocytosis
2. carrier-mediated transport
3. active-transport
4. passive diffusion
5. none of the above
Mechanism(s) of drug permeation:
1. lipid diffusion
2. aqueous diffusion
3. use of carrier molecules
4. endocytosis and exocytosis
5. all of the above
Faster drug absorption:
1. lung
2. stomach
Drug with this ionization property most likely to diffuse from intestine (pH 8.4) to blood (pH 7.4)
1. weak acid (pKa 7.4)
2. weak base (pKa 8.4)
3. weak acid (pKa 8.4)
4. weak base (pKa 6.4)
5. weak acid (pKa 6.4)
Increasing ionization at pH ABOVE pKa:
1. weak acid
2. weak base
Weak organic acid, pKa 6.5. Percent ionization at pH 7.5
1. 1%
2. 10%
3. 50%
4. 90%
5. 99%
Drug delivery method LEAST suitable for long term (days to weeks) slow release.
1. pellet implant under the skin (subcutaneous)
2. time release capsule
3. i.m. injection of a drug-oil suspension
4. transdermal patch
5. none of the above
Dramatic decrease in systemic availability of a drug following oral administration is most likely due to:
1. extreme drug instability at stomach pH
2. hepatic "first-pass" effect
3. drug metabolized by gut flora
4. tablet does not dissolve
5. patient non-complance