Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 3: General Principles:
Pharmacodynamics Practice Questions
Choose the correct answer for each question.
Examples of biological second messengers:
- cAMP
- calcium
- phosphoinositide
- cGMP
- all the above
Major receptor role(s):
- important for drug action selectivity
- mediates antagonist effects of drugs
- mediates agonist effects of drugs
- A & C
- A, B & C
Characteristics of receptors:
- always proteins
- mediates effects of neurotransmitters
- mediates effects of prostaglandins and leukotrienes
- B & C
- A, B & C
Example(s) of a receptor which could be classified as a structural protein:
- Na/K ATPase
- tubulin
- both
- neither
Definition: signal transduction:a process by which a drug receptor interaction leads to intracellular effects that modulate cell physiology
- true
- false
Example(s) of an intracellular receptor:
- beta-adrenergic receptor
- muscarinic cholinergic receptor
- steroid receptor
Example of an agent that activates cytokine receptor:
- isoproterenol
- norepinephrine
- growth hormone
- corticosteroids
- vitamin D
Example(s) of agents that affect ion conductance -- affecting cellular membrane potentials
- acetylcholine
- gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
- aspartate
- glutamate
- all of the above
Associated with nicotinic cholinergic receptor activation:
- acetylcholine binding
- activation of ion channel
- sodium enters the cell (down its concentration and electrical gradient)
- depolarization (EPSP)
- all of the above
Typically, the magnitude of drug effects are thought proportional to the number of occupied receptors:
- true
- false
Competitive inhibition:
- at high concentrations of agonist, a maximal physiological responds is not possible even in the presence of the antagonist
- with competitive inhibition, the dose effect curve is shifted to the right
- is irreversible
- is produced by antagonists that have the ability to activate receptors
Longer lasting drug effects:
- drugs which act at surface receptors, such as beta-adrenergic receptors
- drugs which act intracellularly through gene transcription