Anesthesia Pharmacology Practice Questions: Causes and Management of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

Precipitating causes of congestive heart failure:
1. AV dissociation
2. pulmonary emboli
3. both
4. neither
Precipitating causes of congestive heart failure:
1. arrhythmias
2. anemia
3. pulmonary emboli
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Cardiogenic shock: interventions --
1. supplemental oxygen
2. IV nitroglycerin
3. intra-aortic balloon pump
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Positive inotropic agent -- phosphodiesterase inhibitor
1. dobutamine (Dobutrex)
2. digoxin (Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps)
3. amrinone (Inocor)
4. dopamine (Intropin)
Chronic congestive heart failure -- effect on beta adrenergic receptor levels:
1. significant increase -- compensatory response
2. significant loss of beta1 receptors
Factor(s) important for tissue perfusion:
1. cardiac output
2. vascular tone
3. microcirculatory status
4. humoral factors
5. all the above
Cardiac output and tissue perfusion:
1. cardiac output directly dependent on contractility and peripheral resistance
2. factors affecting stroke volume include preload, afterload, and contractility
3. heart rate mainly depend on idioventricular rhythm
Vascular resistance:dependencies
1. vessel length
2. low viscosity
3. directly proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius
4. A & B
5. B & C
Most significant factor in blood flow resistance:
1. blood viscosity
2. vessel radius
3. vessel length
4. intravascular volume
5. pulmonary artery pressure
Dominant autonomic tone in vascular smooth muscle:
1. sympathetic
2. parasympathetic
3. equal; neither dominant
Tonic vasoconstricting tone predominates in vascular smooth muscle:
1. true
2. false
Factor(s) affecting vascular smooth muscle tone:
1. state of cardiopulmonary baroreceptors
2. circulating norepinephrine/epinephrine levels
3. adenosine levels
4. prostaglandin levels
5. all the above
Vasoconstricting factor(s):
1. angiotensin II
2. endothelin I
3. both
4. neither
Most critical failure in shock:
1. reduced cardiac output
2. renal failure
3. inadequate oxygenation
4. microcirculatory failure
Control of microvascular flow:
1. colloid forces
2. capillary hydrostatic pressure
3. both
4. neither