Anesthesia Pharmacology Practice Questions: Congestive Heart Failure

Which one(s) of the following statements concerning acute decompensated heart failure is/are correct?
1. This syndrome often involves abnormal cardiac and vascular performance along with renal dysfunction.
2. Hospital admission with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) suggests that about half of the patients will be readmitted within a half a year.
3. Both
4. Neither
For patients presenting with "typical" acute decompensation and present with normal blood pressure, which one(s) of the following statements apply?
1. These patients are typically volume overloaded.
2. Diuretics represent a reasonable drug intervention.
3. Both
4. Neither
For hypertensive patients presenting with acute decompensation ("typical"), choose the correct statement/statements applying to this condition.
1. These patients are typically volume overloaded
2. Vasodilators may be an appropriate pharmacological intervention
3. Both
4. Neither
For acute decompensated congestive heart failure patients presenting both with severe pulmonary congestion and hypoxia which one(s) of the following therapeutic options may be reasonable?
1. Administration of opiates, such as morphine
2. Use of vasodilators
3. Use of diuretics
4. Oxygen and noninvasive ventilation
5. A & B
6. B & C
7. A, B & C
Acute decompensated heart failure patients with "low output" may present with which one(s) of the following clinical indications?
1. Liver congestion
2. Cardio-renal syndrome
3. Low pulse pressure
4. Cool extremities
5. A & B
6. B & C
7. D only
8. A, B, C & D
For acute decompensated heart failure patients exhibiting "low output" syndrome, which of the following therapy/therapies may be indicated?
1. Administration of vasodilator drugs
2. Inotropic support
3. Both
4. Neither
Acute decompensated heart failure meeting the criteria for "cardiogenic shock" could present with which one(s) the following clinical features?
1. Low cardiac output
2. End-organ Failure
3. Hypotension
4. A & B
5. A, B & C
Acute decompensation heart failure classified as "cardiogenic shock" may benefit from which one(s) of the following interventions?
1. Positive inotropic support (agents that improve contractility, often catecholamines)
2. Mechanical circulatory support, including percutaneous ventricular assist devices.
3. Both
4. Neither
About 30% of patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure present with abnormal baseline renal function, a finding predictive of both longer hospital stay and increased mortality.
1. True
2. False
For acute decompensated heart failure, pharmacological interventions include which one(s) of the following?
1. Nitroprusside
2. Intravenous nitrates
3. Niseritide
4. All of the above