Anesthesia Pharmacology Practice Questions: Antihypertensive Drugs

With respect to outcome prediction, choose the correct statement.
1. Diastolic blood pressure predicts outcome In hypertension better than systolic blood pressure.
2. Systolic blood pressure predicts outcome In hypertension better than diastolic blood pressure.
3. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure are equal in predicting outcome in hypertension.
Systolic blood pressure tends to increase to a greater extent in the elderly due to which one(s) of the following factors.
1. Decreased blood vessel compliance in the elderly.
2. Reduced blood volume in the elderly
3. Both
4. Neither
At blood pressures > 210 mmHg (systolic) and/or 120 mmHg (diastolic) may be associated in some patients with which one(s) of the following?
1. Endothelial injury
2. Intimal cell proliferation
3. Both
4. Neither
At blood pressures > 210 mmHg (systolic) and/or 120 mmHg (diastolic), some patients will develop fulminant arteriopathy which may lead to arteriolar occlusion which causes brain hypertensive encephalopathy, occlusive renal disease, congestive heart failure, and pulmonary edema.
1. True
2. False
Patients with very high blood pressure but are asymptomatic except for retinal changes with papilloedema may benefit by a gradual lowering of blood pressure (days) instead of prompt blood pressure reduction (hours).
1. True
2. False
Factors that increase adverse long-term outcome in hypertensive patients include which one(s) of the following cases?
1. Presence of left ventricular hypertrophy
2. Cigarette smoking
3. Diabetes
4. Increased low-density lipoprotein levels
5. All of the above
Drugs may lower blood pressure by acting on which one(s) of the following?
1. Acting on peripheral resistance
2. Acting on cardiac output
3. Both
4. Neither
Drugs may reduce peripheral resistance through which one(s) of the following?
1. Drugs may act on vascular smooth muscle to reduce the tone in resistance vessels
2. Drugs may inhibit physiological systems that increase resistance vessel tone, such as the renin-angiotensin system.
3. Both
4. Neither
Which one of the following drugs is classified as a centrally-acting adrenergic antihypertensive agent?
1. Bisoprolol
2. Clonidine
3. Labetalol
4. Guanadrel
Which one of the following drugs is classified as an angiotensin II receptor antagonist?
1. Captopril
2. Telmisartan
3. Nicardipine
4. Aliskiren