Anesthesia Pharmacology: Multiple choice questions on drugs used in treating hypertension are presented.

Nitroprusside sodium (Nipride): mechanism for decrease in PaO2:
1. increased hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
2. vasodilator-mediated reduction in hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction
3. both
4. neither
Rationale(s) for nitroprusside use in controlled hypotension during anesthesia and surgery:
1. allows a nearly bloodless surgical field
2. more likely to ensure adequate cerebral perfusion
3. both
4. neither
Nitroprusside sodium (Nipride): clinical uses:
1. Acute and chronic heart failure
2. Treatment of hypertensive emergencies
3. In aortic surgery
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Adverse effect/effects of vasodilating, antihypertensive drugs:
1. fluid retention
2. tachycardia
3. angina
4. headache
5. all of the above
Antihypertensive drug associated with hypertrichosis (particularly around phase, arms).
1. nitroprusside sodium (Nipride)
2. hydralazine (Apresoline)
3. minoxidil (Loniten)
4. methyldopa (Aldomet)
5. guanfacine (Tenex)
Antihypertensive drug associated with a lupus-like syndrome: frequency 10%-20%; reversible upon drug discontinuation:
1. minoxidil (Loniten)
2. nitroprusside sodium (Nipride)
3. hydralazine (Apresoline)
4. captopril (Capoten)
5. diltiazem (Cardiazem)
Pericardial effusion & pulmonary hypertension may be associated with use of this antihypertensive drug:
1. diltiazem (Cardiazem)
2. captopril (Capoten)
3. propranolol (Inderal)
4. minoxidil (Loniten)
5. all of the above
For low-renin hypertensive patients (elderly/African-American patients), this antihypertensive might be the better choice for monotherapy (single drug) control.
1. an appropriate calcium channel blocker
2. angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor)
Angiotensin II effects:
1. rapid pressor response
2. vascular & cardiac hypertrophy (remodeling)
3. both
4. neither
Antihypertensive drug group considered advantageous and management of diabetic patients because these drugs reduce/delay development of diabetic neuropathy and glomerulosclerosis:
1. calcium channel blockers
2. beta-blockers
3. alpha-adrenergic blockers
4. ACE inhibitors
5. vasodilators
Management of excessive hypotensive reactions caused by perioperative ACE inhibitor treatment:
1. crystalloid fluid infusion
2. ephedrine administration
3. both
4. neither
Adverse effects associated with ACE inhibitor use:
1. rhinorrhea
2. proteinuria
3. angioedema
4. dry cough
5. all of the above