Anesthesia Pharmacology: Opioid Analgesic Practice
Questions
Click on the correct answer.
Opioid receptors belong to a category of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) related to rhodopsin.
True
False
Agonist binding to opioid receptors may result in:
Reduced adenylate cyclase enzyme activity
Decreased voltage-gated calcium channel opening
Both
Neither
Which one(s) of the following described opioid-induced desensitization?
This effect is associated with short-term (minutes to hours) of receptor-induced activation of signaling pathway
This effect may also be referred to as "acute tolerance".
Such desensitization is likely associated with receptor phosphorylation, leading to receptor uncoupling from G-protein, for example.
A & C
A & B
A, B & C
Long-term opioid agonist administration is best described by:
Tolerance development
Desensitization
Associated with long-term administration of opioid agonists:
Drug affect tolerance that may be overcome with higher drug doses.
Reversibility of tolerance after drug discontinuation.
Both
Neither
Which one(s) of the following correctly describes aspects of opioid withdrawal?
Increases in CNS adenylyl cyclase along with release of excitatory cytokines and amino acids.
Increases in autonomic outflow with symptoms including hyperalgesia, hypertension, pupillary dilation and increased release of pituitary and adrenomedullary hormones
Both
Neither
Clinical effects reasonably associated with administration of morphine-like agents:
Hyperexcitability
Mental clouding
Analgesia
A & B
A & C
B & C
A, B & C
Typically clinically employed opioid agonists (especially in long-term administration) exhibit selectivity for the mu opioid receptor (MOR).
True
False
Some mixed agonist-antagonist opioids, e.g. pentazocine (Talwin) may induce opioid withdrawal in opioid-tolerant individuals.
True
False
Morphine administration of therapeutic doses may be associated with flushing of the face, neck and upper thorax regions.