Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 29 Diabetes Management Practice Questions

Nateglinide (Starlix) is described as a D-phenylalanine derivative that blocks K⁺_ATP channels.
1. True
2. False
Pharmacological characteristic(s) of nateglinide (Starlix) includes/includes:
1. Primarily utilized by IV administration to increase insulin secretion.
2. Stimulates insulin secretion by blocking amino acid transport.
3. Both
4. Neither
Primary therapeutic effect associated with nateglinide administration:
1. Reduction of systemic blood pressure, with a greater effect on diastolic pressures versus systolic pressures.
2. Reduction of EGFR (glomerular filtration rate)
3. Reduces increased glucose levels following meals in type II diabetic patients
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A, B & C
Comparison of nateglinide with other oral antidiabetic drugs:
1. More rapid promotion of enhanced insulin secretion.
2. Reduced duration of increased insulin secretion.
3. Both
4. Neither
Pharmacokinetic characteristics/characteristics of nateglinide (Starlix):
1. Rapid intestinal absorption
2. Plasma peak drug levels noted within the first hour following administration.
3. Both
4. Neither
Notable side effects following nateglinide administration:
1. Weight gain
2. Hypoglycemia
3. Both
4. Neither
Nateglinide metabolism: primary route of metabolism is hepatic (liver) associated with cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP2C9 and CYP3A4. Glucuronide acid conjugates have also been found.
1. True
2. False
Nateglinide is effective when given as monotherapy and also if combined with "non-secretagogue" oral medications, metformin as an example.
1. True
2. False
Nateglinide may be used in patients who are elderly and in patients exhibiting renal impairment.
1. True
2. False
Nateglinide pharmacokinetics:
1. Peak effect occurs in about an hour.
2. Duration of action is about 4 hours
3. Elimination half-life is about an hour and a half.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A, B & C
Among these adverse effects, the one most likely to occur:
1. Dizziness (CNS)
2. Flu-like presentations
3. Upper respiratory infection
4. All of the above side effects occur with equal frequency.