Anesthesia Pharmacology:  Renal Pharmacology

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Question # 1 (Multiple Answer) Blockade of the Na/K/2Cl co-transporter -- basis for diuretic effect:

    A) torsemide (Demadex)
    B) ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
    C) bumetanide (Bumex)
    D) triamterene (Dyrenium)
    E) mannitol

Question # 2 (Multiple Answer) Secreted by the renal organic base secretory system:

    A) creatinine
    B) procainamide (Procan SR, Pronestyl-SR)
    C) choline

Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) Substances which could retard water reabsorption:

    A) mannitol
    B) high glucose levels
    C) both
    D) neither

Question # 4 (Multiple Answer) Distal convoluted tubule -- properties

    A) impermeable to water
    B) about 10% of filtered sodium load reabsorbed here.
    C) calcium actively reabsorbed

Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) Localization of the renal organic base secretory system:

    A) loop of Henle
    B) early in middle segments of proximal tubule
    C) collecting duct
    D) distal convoluted tubule

Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

    A) furosemide (Lasix)
    B) bumetanide (Bumex)
    C) acetazolamide (Diamox)
    D) chlorothiazide (Diuril)
    E) spironolactone (Aldactone)

Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) About 35% of the filtered load of sodium chloride is reabsorbed here:

    A) thin limb -- --loop of Henle
    B) collecting duct
    C) distal convoluted tubule
    D) thick ascending limb -- loop of Henle
    E) cortical collecting tubule

Question # 8 (Multiple Answer) Collecting tubule: properties --

    A) 2%-5% sodium chloride reabsorption
    B) final site for sodium chloride reabsorption
    C) a site of action for mineralocorticoids
    D) major site of potassium secretion
    E) increased sodium delivery to the collecting tubule promotes potassium loss

Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) Location of the organic acid secretory system

    A) distal tubule
    B) collecting duct
    C) middle third: proximal tubule
    D) loop of Henle
    E) macula densa

Question # 10 (Multiple Answer) Compound(s) secreted by the organic acid secretory system:

    A) uric acid
    B) some antibiotics
    C) p-aminohippuric acid

Question # 11 (Multiple Choice) Mechanism of action: spironolactone (Aldactone)

    A) through osmotic effects
    B) through enzyme inhibition
    C) through interaction with hormonal receptors

Question # 12 (Multiple Choice) Diuretics acting on specific membrane transport proteins:

    A) loop diuretics
    B) thiazides
    C) amiloride (Midamor)
    D) triamterene (Dyrenium)
    E) all of the above

Question # 13 (True/False) The driving force for watery absorption by the thin limb of the loop of Henle is the hypertonic medullary fluid

    A) true
    B) false

Question # 14 (Multiple Answer) Diuretic mechanism(s):

    A) through osmotic effects (preventing water reabsorption)
    B) enzyme inhibition
    C) interaction with hormonal receptors

Question # 15 (Multiple Choice) Renal Site where most filtered sodium bicarbonate is reabsorbed:

    A) collecting duct
    B) distal tubule
    C) collecting tubule
    D) loop of Henle
    E) proximal tubule

Question # 16 (Multiple Answer) Loop diuretics -- effects on ionic excretion:

    A) increased sodium excretion
    B) decreased magnesium loss
    C) increased calcium loss
    D) decreased potassium loss

Question # 17 (Multiple Choice) Mechanism of action: acetazolamide (Diamox)

    A) through osmotic effects
    B) through enzyme inhibition
    C) interacting with hormonal receptors

Question # 18 (Multiple Choice) Pharmacological blockade of sodium and chloride cotransport at the distal convoluted tubule:

    A) bumetanide (Bumex)
    B) furosemide (Lasix)
    C) chlorothiazide (Diuril)
    D) triamterene (Dyrenium)

Question # 19 (Multiple Choice) Renal site where most water is reabsorbed:

    A) medullary collecting tubule
    B) collecting duct
    C) early portions of the proximal tubule
    D) loop of Henle
    E) distal tubule

Correct Answers

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19






































Question # 1 (Multiple Answer) Blockade of the Na/K/2Cl co-transporter -- basis for diuretic effect:

(A) torsemide (Demadex)

(B) ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

(C) bumetanide (Bumex)

BACK







































Question # 2 (Multiple Answer) Secreted by the renal organic base secretory system:

(A) creatinine

(B) procainamide (Procan SR, Pronestyl-SR)

(C) choline

BACK







































Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) Substances which could retard water reabsorption:

Answer: (C) both

BACK







































Question # 4 (Multiple Answer) Distal convoluted tubule -- properties

(A) impermeable to water

(B) about 10% of filtered sodium load reabsorbed here.

(C) calcium actively reabsorbed

BACK







































Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) Localization of the renal organic base secretory system:

Answer: (B) early in middle segments of proximal tubule

BACK







































Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer: (C) acetazolamide (Diamox)

BACK







































Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) About 35% of the filtered load of sodium chloride is reabsorbed here:

Answer: (D) thick ascending limb -- loop of Henle

BACK







































Question # 8 (Multiple Answer) Collecting tubule: properties --

(A) 2%-5% sodium chloride reabsorption

(B) final site for sodium chloride reabsorption

(C) a site of action for mineralocorticoids

(D) major site of potassium secretion

(E) increased sodium delivery to the collecting tubule promotes potassium loss

BACK







































Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) Location of the organic acid secretory system

Answer: (C) middle third: proximal tubule

BACK







































Question # 10 (Multiple Answer) Compound(s) secreted by the organic acid secretory system:

(A) uric acid

(B) some antibiotics

(C) p-aminohippuric acid

BACK







































Question # 11 (Multiple Choice) Mechanism of action: spironolactone (Aldactone)

Answer: (C) through interaction with hormonal receptors

BACK







































Question # 12 (Multiple Choice) Diuretics acting on specific membrane transport proteins:

Answer: (E) all of the above

BACK







































Question # 13 (True/False) The driving force for watery absorption by the thin limb of the loop of Henle is the hypertonic medullary fluid

Answer: True

BACK







































Question # 14 (Multiple Answer) Diuretic mechanism(s):

(A) through osmotic effects (preventing water reabsorption)

(B) enzyme inhibition

(C) interaction with hormonal receptors

BACK







































Question # 15 (Multiple Choice) Renal Site where most filtered sodium bicarbonate is reabsorbed:

Answer: (E) proximal tubule

BACK







































Question # 16 (Multiple Answer) Loop diuretics -- effects on ionic excretion:

(A) increased sodium excretion

(C) increased calcium loss

BACK







































Question # 17 (Multiple Choice) Mechanism of action: acetazolamide (Diamox)

Answer: (B) through enzyme inhibition

BACK







































Question # 18 (Multiple Choice) Pharmacological blockade of sodium and chloride cotransport at the distal convoluted tubule:

Answer: (C) chlorothiazide (Diuril)

BACK







































Question # 19 (Multiple Choice) Renal site where most water is reabsorbed:

Answer: (C) early portions of the proximal tubule

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