Medical Pharmacology: Antiviral Drug Practice Questions
Click on the correct answer.
Stavudine (Zerit):
Stavudine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog.
Stavudine exhibits antiviral activity with respect to HSV-1
Both
Neither
Stavudine pharmacokinetics:
High oral bioavailability (>80%)
Oral bioavailability is not affected by food.
Both
Neither
Stavudine (Zerit) pharmacokinetics:
Serum half-life: about one hour
CSF drug concentration is about half that observed in plasma.
Both
Neither
Stavudine (D4T) activity is dependent upon conversion by the host cell to the stavudine triphosphate form.
True
False
Zidovudine administration may be followed by a peripheral neuropathy which may include numbness in hands and feet.
True
False
Stavudine (Zerit) major toxicity is peripheral sensory neuropathy.
Neuropathy is more likely to occur if stavudine is given along with other "neurotoxic" drugs including vincristine, ribavirin, isoniazid, or didanosine.
An unusual adverse effect is an ascending neuromuscular weakness that is described as rapidly progressive.
Both
Neither
Similar to didanosine, stavudine is infrequently used due to adverse effects, given that less toxic drugs are available.
True
False
Stavudine (Zerit) administration is associated with:
An incidence of lactic acidosis and hepatic stenosis that may be higher compared to other NRTIs
A low incidence (1%) of pancreatitis; however, occasionally pancreatitis may have a fatal outcome. If patients on stavudine
are identified as presenting with pancreatitis symptoms, stavudine should be discontinued.
Both
Neither
Stavudine (Zerit) has been prescribed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection when given in combination with other antiretroviral drugs. However, stavudine use
has declined given his toxicity and availability of other less toxic antiretrovirals.
True
False
Stavudine (Zerit) excretion is mediated by the kidney, specifically by both active tubular secretion and glomerular filtration.
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Source Material:
Acosta EP Chapter 62 Antiviral Agents (Nonretroviral)
in Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmcological
Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL Knollmann BC eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
Safrin S Chapter 49 Antiviral Agents in
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Katzung BG, Editor;
Vanderah TW, Associate editor) 15e McGraw Hill 2021.
Li JZ Coen DM Chapter 38 Pharmacology of
Viral Infections in Principles of Pharmacology:
The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy 4e (Golan DE
Armstong EJ Armstrong AW, eds) Wolters Kluwer 2017.
Waller DB Sampson AP Section 11
Chemotherapy in Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Elsevier 2018.
Burchum JR Rosenthal LD Chapter 97
Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections
in Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Elsevier 2022.
Waller DB Sampson AP Section 11: Chapter
51
Chemotherapy of infections in Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Elsevier 2018.
Benavides S Bahal O'Mara N Nahata MC
Chapter 79 Viral Infections in Applied Therapeutics:
The Clinical Use of Drugs (Zeind C, Carvalho MG Cheng JW
Zaiken K Lapointe T, eds) Wolters Kluwer, 2024.
Davanathan AS Symonds AE Adams JL
Cottrell ML Chapter 76 Pharmacotherapy of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
in Applied
Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs (Zeind C, Carvalho MG Cheng JW
Zaiken K Lapointe T, eds) Wolters Kluwer, 2024.
Flexner CW Chapter 64 Antiretroviral
Agents and Treatment of HIV Infection
in Goodman &
Gilman's: The Pharmcological
Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL Knollmann BC eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
Burchum JR Rosenthal LD Chapter
98
Antiviral Agents II: Drugs for HIV Infection and Related
Opportunistic Infections
in Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Elsevier 2022.
Woster PM Chapter 30 Drugs Used to Treat
Viral Infections in Foye's Principles of Medicinal
Chemistry 8e (Roche VF Zito SW Lemke TL Williams DA, eds)
Wolters Kluwer 2020.
