Medical Pharmacology Chapter 29 Diabetes Management Practice Questions

Oral glucose administration induces a 3 to 4 times higher insulin response when compared to the same insulin dose but administered by the IV route of administration.
1. True
2. False
Incretins: Metabolic hormones that induce a reduction in blood glucose levels.
1. True
2. False
Incretin:
1. Released after eating
2. Inhibits insulin secretion from pancreatic ß cells.
3. Both
4. Neither
GLP-1 (an incretin):
1. Enhances insulin secretion from pancreatic ß cells of the islets of Langerhans.
2. Inhibits glucagon release from α cells of the islets of Langerhans.
3. Both
4. Neither
Incretin(s):
1. GLP-1 (intestinal peptide glucagon-like peptide 1)
2. GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide a.k.a. glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide)
3. Both
4. Neither
GLP-1 secretion:
1. Reduced in type II diabetic patients
2. Less likely compared to sulfonylurea-type medications to cause a noteworthy insulin stimulatory effect at normal glycemic levels.
3. Both
4. Neither
GLP-1: pancreatic and extra pancreatic physiological effects:
1. Decreases glucagon secretion
2. Preserves islet integrity
3. Delays gastric emptying
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
GLP-1 pharmacokinetics: GLP-1 half-life is about 1 to 2 hours.
1. True
2. False
GLP-1 pharmacokinetics:
1. Short half-life, one-to minutes, occurs as a result of rapid proteolysis by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) another enzymes.
2. Rapid renal clearance.
3. Both
4. Neither
Since GLP-1's short half-life precludes clinical use, GLP-1 receptor agonists exhibiting longer half-lives have been synthesized and are clinically available.
1. True
2. False