Medical Pharmacology: Drug Metabolism Practice Questions
Choose the correct answer for each question.
Drug metabolism may be initiated prior to drug absorption.
True
False
Gut microbiome:
May metabolize drugs (xenobiotics)
Different gut flora compositions between individuals can change drug action
Both
Neither
Drug metabolism:
An aspect of drug metabolism promotes drug elimination.
Drug metabolism is often very important in reducing the biological effects of the drug.
Both
Neither
Concerning the antiepileptic drug phenytoin:
The parent drug, phenytoin, is nearly insoluble in water.
Phenytoin metabolism by the hepatic drug metabolizing system (phase 1) followed by metabolism by phase 2 catalyzed by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) results in a highly water-soluble metabolite which is eliminated
from the body easily.
Both
Neither
Metabolism is central in terminating the pharmacological activity of phenytoin.
True
False
Xenobiotics refer to the many foreign compounds to which humans are exposed and that enter the body by various pathways.
True
False
Concerning drug metabolism:
Typically lipophilic drugs (xenobiotics)
are changed by metabolic processes to make them more polar and these metabolites
are easier to excrete.
Although not the common circumstance, some metabolic processes increase the activity or toxic characteristics of the drug.
Both
Neither
Drug biodisposition: Phase I reactions transform the parent drug often by introducing (or unmasking) -OH or -NH2 or -SH.
True
False
Should transformation of
a drug by a phase I reaction results in a more polar compound that is still not readily excreted, a subsequent reaction
that introduces an additional structure, such as glucuronic acid, results in
a more highly polar conjugate, which is more amenable to excretion. Such conjugation reactions describe phase II reactions.
True
False
Drugs may undergo sequential biotransformation reactions, including conjugation (phase II) followed by a phase I reaction.
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Source Material:
Buxton ILO Chapter
2: Pharmcokinetics: The Dynamics of Drug Absorption,
Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimiation in Goodman & Gilman's:
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL H
Knollmann BC, eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
Gonzalez FJ
Coughtrie M Chapter 5: Drug Metabolism in Goodman & Gilman's:
The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL H
Knollmann BC, eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
Holford NHG Chapter
3: Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics: Rational Dosing &
the Time Course of Drug Action: in Basic & Clinical
Pharmacology (Katzung BG, Editor; Vanderah TW, Associate
editor) 15e McGraw Hill 2021.
Correia MA Chapter 4
Drug Biotransformation in Basic &
Clinical Pharmacology (Katzung BG, Editor; Vanderah TW, Associate
editor) 15e McGraw Hill 2021.
Baca QJ Golan DE
Pharmacokinetics Chapter 3: Principles of Pharmacology:
The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. (Golan DE, editor-in
chief, Armstrong EJ Armstrong AW, associate editors) 4e Wolters
Kluwer 2017.
Guengerich FP
Chapter 4: Drug Metabolism in
Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. (Golan DE, editor-in
chief, Armstrong EJ Armstrong AW, associate editors) 4e Wolters
Kluwer 2017.
Flood P Shafer SL
Chapter 2 Basic Principles of Pharmacology in Stoelting's
Pharmacology & Physiology in Anesthetic Practice (Glood P
Rathmell JP Urman RD, eds) 6e Wolters Kluwer 2022.
Burchum JR Rosenthal
LD Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Unit II Chapter 4
Pharmcokinetics 11 e Elsevier 2022.
