Medical Pharmacology: Immunopharmacology Practice Questions

Medical Pharmacology: Immunopharmacology Practice Questions

Glucocorticoids III

Click on the correct answer.

Accounts for most (about 95%) of glucocorticoid activity:
1. Cortisone
2. Cortisol
3. Prednisone
4. All of the above contribute equally
Synthetic glucocorticoid about 30 times the potency of cortisol:
1. Prednisone
2. Methylprednisolone
3. Dexamethosone
Corticosterone contributes about 4% of total glucocorticoid activity and exhibits substantial less potency compared to cortisol.
1. True
2. False
"Best known" metabolic effective cortisol and other glucocorticoids are metabolism:
1. Lipolysis
2. Glycolysis
3. Gluconeogenesis
Enhance gluconeogenesis associated with cortisol occurs as result of:
1. Direct hepatic effects
2. Insulin antagonism
3. Both
4. Neither
Cortisol effect(s) on protein metabolism:
1. Increase in liver proteins
2. Increase in plasma proteins
3. Both
4. Neither
High-dose glucocorticoid therapy results in elevation in blood glucose and mobilization of fat deposits.
1. True
2. False
Major clinical application/applications of glucocorticoids:
1. Suppression of inflammation
2. Suppression of the immune responses
3. Both
4. Neither
Glucocorticoid absorption:
1. Oral absorption is characterized by being both rapid and practically complete.
2. Intramuscular administration of glucocorticoids exhibits rapid absorption for glucocorticoid esters (e.g. sodium phosphates and sodium succinate) but comparatively slow with other formulations such as acetates.
3. Both
4. Neither
Dependency/dependencies of glucocorticoid duration of action:
1. Drug solubility
2. Route of administration
3. Dosage
4. A & B
5. A & C
6. A, B & C

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Source Material:
- Rothlin C Gutkind J Chapter 39 Immunosuppressants, Immunomodulation and Tolerance In Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (Brunton LL Knollman BC eds) McGraw Hill LLC (2023).
- Lake D & Briggs A Ch 55 Immunopharmacology in Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Vanderah TW, ed) 16e McGraw Hill 2023.
- Chrouos G Ch 39 Adrenocorticosteroids & Adrenocortical Antagonists in Katzung's Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Vanderah TW, ed) 16e McGraw Hill 2023
- Brezinski E Klickstein L Armstrong A Ch 46 Pharmacology of Immunosuppression in Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy. (Golan DE Armstrong EJ Armstrong AW, eds) 4e 2017 ls) 4e 2017
- Ritter JM Flower R Henderson G Loke YK MacEwan D Robinson E Fullerton J Ch 54 Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Drugs Rang & Dale's Pharmacology 10e Elsevier 2024.
- Burchum J Rosenthal L Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Ch 72 Immunosuppressants Elsevier 2022.
- Burchum J Rosenthal L Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Ch 75 Glucocorticoids in Nonendrocrine Disorders Elsevier 2022.
- Bass A Rogatsky Ch 32 Immunomodulatory Drugs in Goldman-Cecil Medicine (Goldman L Schafer, eds) Elsevier 26e 2020
- Leiva M Takemoto Ch 238 Immunosuppressants in Lippincott Illustrated Reviews: Pharmacology 8e ((Walen et al, eds) Wolters Kluwer 2023.
- Hall J Hall M Ch 78 Adrenocortical Hormones Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology 14e Elsevier 2021.