Nursing Pharmacology: Antibacterial Drug Practice Questions

Fluoroquinolones were originally synthesized because of their effectiveness against gram-negative aerobic bacteria.
1. True
2. False
Which one(s) of the following exhibit excellent gram-negative antibacterial activity and "moderate to good" antibacterial activity against gram-positive organisms?
1. Ciprofloxacin
2. Levofloxacin
3. Ofloxacin
4. Pefloxacin
5. All of the above agents meet this criteria
Considering these agents: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin and pefloxacin, which one(s) are used systemically in the United States?
1. Ciprofloxacin
2. Levofloxacin
3. Both
4. Neither
To limit emergence of resistant bacterial strains during treatment, fluoroquinolones might be combined with an additional agent, such as rifampin.
1. True
2. False
Which one(s) of the following statements is/are correct? - referencing the following drugs: ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, levofloxacin, lomefloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin
1. Ciprofloxacin exhibits highest activity against gram-negative organisms, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
2. Levofloxacin exhibits greater antibacterial activity compared to ciprofloxacin against gram-positive bacteria, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae.
3. Both
4. Neither
Concerning: Gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin and delafloxacin: These agents exhibit enhanced antibacterial activity against gram-positive organisms, notably S. pneumoniae (Streptococcus pneumoniae).
1. True
2. False
Quinolone resistance developing during therapy:
1. Resistance may develop as a result of bacterial chromosomal gene mutations encoding DNA-gyrase or topoisomerase IV
2. Resistance may develop as a result of enhanced active transport of the drug out of the organism.
3. Both
4. Neither
Increasingly fluroquinolone resistant:
1. Escherichia coli (E. coli)
2. Campylobacter jejuni
3. Salmonella
4. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae)
5. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae)
6. All of the above organisms are becoming increasingly resistant to the action of fluroquinolone antibiotics.
Delafloxacin is less likely compared to other fluoroquinolones develop clinical resistance as a result of point mutations.
1. True
2. False
Plasmid-mediated resistance has also been described for fluoroquinolones and may be described by which one(s) of the following?
1. One mechanism involves qnr proteins which appears to protect DNA-Gyrase from fluroquinolones.
2. Another mechanism involves a form of an aminoglycoside acetyltransferase enzyme which modifies ciprofloxacin
3. Both
4. Neither