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Clinical Features: T. gondii Infection
  • "Acquired infection with Toxoplasma in immunocompetent individuals is generally an asymptomatic infection. 

    • However, 10% to 20% of patients with acute infection may develop cervical lymphadenopathy and/or a flu-like illness. 

    • The clinical course is benign and self-limited; symptoms usually resolve within a few months to a year.

  • Immunodeficient patients often have central nervous system (CNS) disease but may have myocarditis, or pneumonitis. 

    •  In patients with AIDS, toxoplasmic encephalitis is the most common cause of intracerebral mass lesions and is thought to be due to reactivation of chronic infection. 

    •  Toxoplasmosis in patients being treated with immunosuppressive drugs may be due to either newly acquired or reactivated latent infection.

  • Congenital toxoplasmosis results from an acute primary infection acquired by the mother during pregnancy. 

    • The incidence and severity of congenital toxoplasmosis vary with the trimester during which infection was acquired. 

    • Because treatment of the mother reduces the incidence of congenital infection, prompt and accurate diagnosis is extremely important. 

    • Most infants with subclinical infection at birth will subsequently develop signs or symptoms of congenital toxoplasmosis unless the infection is treated.

  •  Ocular Toxoplasma infection, an important cause of chorioretinitis in the United States, is usually a result of congenital infection.  Patients are often asymptomatic until the second or third decade of life, when lesions develop in the eye." source: CDC-public domain

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