Question # 1 (Multiple Answer) In anesthesiology: high-risk patients for aspiration pneumonitis:

A) patients with hiatus hernia
B) patients with esophageal reflux
C) patients with acute pain, "full stomach" -- emergency surgery

Question # 2 (Multiple Choice) Aspiration pneumonia less likely when:

A) metoclopramide (Reglan) is used alone
B) metoclopramide (Reglan) is combined with ranitidine (Zantac)

Question # 3 (Multiple Answer) Properties of metoclopramide (Reglan):

A) decreases upper gastrointestinal motility
B) decreases gastroesophageal sphincter tone
C) relaxes the pylorus
D) relaxes the duodenum

Question # 4 (True/False) Pre-treatment with metoclopramide (Reglan) guarantees complete gastric emptying:

A) true
B) false

Question # 5 (Multiple Choice) Greatest increase in gastric fluid volume which may be associated with antacid administration:

A) single dose antacid
B) multiple antacid dosing
C) repeated dosing with concurrent opioid administration (e.g. during labor)

Question # 6 (Multiple Choice) Aspiration of gastric fluid containing particulate antacids may have this/these consequences:

A) pulmonary edema
B) arterial hypoxemia
C) both
D) neither

Question # 7 (True/False) Use of gastrokinetic drugs diminishes the need for correct, diligent anesthetic techniques to protect the airway during anesthesia:

A) true
B) false

Question # 8 (True/False) Metoclopramide (Reglan): may not be effective of increasing gastric emptying following sodium citrate administration:

A) true
B) false

Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) Omeprazole (Prilosec) and gastric acid suppression

A) effective if given by IV 30 minutes prior to induction
B) duration of action: about one day
C) both
D) neither

Question # 10 (Multiple Choice) Effect on antacids on gastric fluid volume:

A) increases
B) decreases
C) no effect

Question # 11 (True/False) Pulmonary aspiration gastric content -- rare in elective surgery:

A) true
B) false

Question # 12 (Multiple Choice) Concerning nonparticulate antacids and their use in preoperative medication:

A) may themselves produce pulmonary damage if aspiration gastric fluid containing this type of an acid occurs
B) more effective than colloidal antacids suspensionsin increasing gastric acid pH
C) both
D) neither

Question # 13 (Multiple Choice) Ondansetron (Zofran) probably mediates its antiemetic effects by interacting with this receptor system:

A) muscarinic, cholinergic
B) nicotinic, cholinergic
C) dopaminergic
D) serotonergic
E) GABA

Question # 14 (True/False) In adults: relatively high risk of pulmonary complications if aspiration volume is greater than 25 ml and pH < 2.5:

A) true
B) false

Question # 15 (Multiple Answer) Physiological effects of metoclopramide (Reglan):

A) stimulates upper gastrointestinal motility
B) increases gastroesophageal sphincter tone
C) increases gastric fluid pH
D) increases gastric acid secretion

Question # 16 (Multiple Choice) Drugs that may offset metoclopramide (Reglan) effect on the upper GI tract:

A) opioids
B) concurrent atropine administration
C) both
D) neither

Question # 17 (Multiple Choice) Greater "lag time" in increasing gastrointestinal pH:

A) antacids
B) H2 blockers
C) both about the same lifetime

Question # 18 (Multiple Choice) Appropriate for preoperative antiemetic use:

A) droperidol (Inapsine)
B) metoclopramide (Reglan)
C) both
D) neither

Question # 19 (Multiple Answer) Antiemetic drugs particularly useful for patients undergoing:

A) opthalmological surgery
B) laproscopic surgery
C) gynecologic procedures