Question # 1 (Multiple Answer) Concerning drug receptor interactions, the constant Kd refers to:

A) maximal physiological effect
B) maximal binding
C) the drug concentration required to occupy 50% of receptors
D) drug concentration that results in half-maximal physiological response
E) all of the above

Question # 2 (Multiple Answer) Signal transduction involves G protein coupled receptor systems:

A) biogenic amines
B) peptide hormones
C) eicosanoids

Question # 3 (Multiple Choice) Example(s) of second messenger effect(s):

A) increases in cAMP intracellular concentration
B) changes in intracellular calcium concentration
C) phosphoinositide effects
D) all the above

Question # 4 (Multiple Choice) EC50 mainly reflexs a drug's:

A) maximal effect
B) potency
C) lethality
D) ease of elimination
E) safety

Question # 5 (Multiple Answer) Physiological processes mediated by the intracellular second messenger, cyclic AMP:

A) carbohydrate breakdown by the liver
B) decreased heart rate
C) increased contractility
D) smooth muscle relaxation
E) triglyceride breakdown

Question # 6 (True/False) Drug effects are thought to be proportional to the number of occupied receptors

A) true
B) false

Question # 7 (Multiple Choice) Nitric oxide mediates this effect on vascular smooth muscle:

A) smooth muscle relaxation
B) smooth muscle contraction
C) no effect

Question # 8 (Multiple Choice) Receptors are usually:

A) lipids
B) proteins
C) DNA

Question # 9 (Multiple Choice) Longer-lasting physiological response to drug:

A) increase in heart rate following epinephrine infusion
B) changes in gene product production following corticosteroid injection.

Question # 10 (Multiple Answer) True statement(s) concerning competitive inhibition:

A) competitive in addition is based on reversible drug/antagonist binding at receptor sites
B) with competitive inhibition, the dose-effects curve the shifted to the left
C) with competitive inhibition, maximal drug effect cannot be obtained, even at high agonist concentrations
D) all the above

Question # 11 (Multiple Answer) Example(s) of endogenous ligands that interact with membrane-integrated ion channels and affect(s) ion conductance.

A) acetylcholine
B) GABA
C) glutamate
D) aspartate
E) glycine

Question # 12 (Multiple Answer) Example(s) of (a) receptor(s) which is/are enzyme(s):

A) dihydrofolate reductase
B) acetylcholinesterase
C) monoamine oxidase

Question # 13 (Multiple Choice) Primary mechanism by which cAMP effects are terminated:

A) enzyme-catalyzed dephosphorylation
B) reuptake into presynaptic nerve terminals

Question # 14 (Multiple Choice) An example of a receptor which is a structural protein.

A) Na/K ATPase
B) acetylcholinesterase
C) tubulin
D) DNA
E) phospholipase C

Question # 15 (Multiple Choice) An example of an agent that exerts much of its effects through intracellular receptors that in complex form binds to DNA response elements:

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) corticosteroids
D) diltiazem
E) atropine

Question # 16 (Multiple Choice) Factors that may cause variation in drug responsiveness:

A) changes in the number or function of receptors
B) tachyphylaxis
C) idiosyncratic drug responses
D) hypersensitivity reactions
E) all of the above

Question # 17 (Multiple Answer) Major roles of receptors:

A) determine rate of drug elimination
B) determine drug action selectivity
C) provide a means of blocking drug action as well as mediating drug action
D) act as drug storage sites