Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 15:  Cardiac Anesthesiology

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Inhalational Agents and Baroreflex Control and the Sympathetic System

 

Cranial Nerves

 

1 "1. Olfactory Frontal Lobe, Smell
2. Optic Thalamus, Vision
3. Oculomotor Midbrain, Eye movement, constriction of the pupil, accommodation of the lens.
4. Trochlear Midbrain, Eye movement
5. Trigeminal Midbrain, Position sense for chewing, Trigeminal Pons: Motor control for chewing,facial sensations; Trigeminal Medulla, Facial sensations
6. Abducens Pons, Lateral eye movements
7. Facial Pons, Control of facial muscles:  Facial Medulla, Taste sensation for the front part of the tongue, salivation and control of lacrimation.
8. Vestibulocochlear Pons and Medulla, Balance and Hearing
9. Glossopharyngeal Medulla, Motor control of swallowing, salivation, taste sensation from the back part of the tongue, some control of cardiovascular and pulmonary reflexes.
10. Vagus Medulla, Sensation from the pharnyx and larynx,motor control of swallowing, phonation,autonomic control of viscera, taste
11. Accessory Medulla, Control of sternomastoid and upper, trapezius muscles
12. Hypoglossal Medulla, Motor control of the tongue"

 

Baroreflex Regulation of Heart Rate (R-R interval) as Affected by Reduced Pressure (Nitroprusside) or Increased Pressure (Phenylephrine)--Figure 16-11 from Reference 2

2, 2a"These data were acquired in healthy volunteers who were randomized to receive either isoflurane, desflurane, or sevoflurane.  With increasing MAC, each of the volatile anesthetics led to a progressive reduction in the cardiac baroslope (an index of baroreflex sensitivity derived by relating changes in mean pressure to changes in R-R interval).  There were no statistical differences between anesthetics"

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