Anesthesia Pharmacology: Antianginal Drugs

Smooth muscle relaxation by nitrates:
1. coronary vasculature
2. bronchioles
3. biliary duct
4. uterine smooth muscle
5. all the above
Symptoms associated with esophageal spasm: relieved by nitrates
1. true
2. false
Toxicities associated with nitrates:
1. headaches caused by meningeal vascular dilatation
2. dizziness
3. drug rash
4. hypotensive reactions
5. all the above
Beneficial effects of calcium channel blockers in managing angina:
1. increased preload
2. reduced afterload
3. decreased myocardial wall tension
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Antianginal action of calcium channel blockers:
1. negative inotropism
2. coronary artery dilatation
3. both
4. neither
Calcium channel blocker(s) with predominately vascular effects:
1. diltiazem (Cardiazem)
2. amlodipine (Norvasc)
3. verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
4. B & C
5. A & B
Major depolarizing current is carried by this ion in vascular smooth muscle:
1. sodium
2. calcium
3. magnesium
In the heart, the"fast" response is mediated by this ion:
1. sodium
2. calcium
3. magnesium
4. potassium
5. chloride
In the heart, the "slow" responses mediated by this ion:
1. sodium
2. calcium
3. magnesium
4. potassium
5. chloride
Depolarization in the specialized conduction system, the SA. and AV nodal tissue, is mediated by this ion movement:
1. sodium
2. calcium
3. potassium
4. chloride
5. magnesium
Calcium channel blockers with predominantly vascular effects
1. amlodipine (Norvasc)
2. nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
3. nicardipine (Cardene)
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Calcium channel blocker most likely to worsen congestive heart failure:
1. nicardipine (Cardene)
2. diltiazem (Cardiazem)
3. amlodipine (Norvasc)
4. nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
5. all equal
Mechanism by which calcium channel blockers reduce contractility:
1. inhibit cAMP production
2. promote calcium binding to troponin
3. reduce free intracellular calcium
4. inhibit beta adrenergic receptor activity
5. all of the above
Calcium channel blockers relatively slowly absorbed and long acting:
1. amlodipine (Norvasc)
2. isradipine (DynaCirc)
3. felodipine (Plendil)
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Calcium channel blocker(s) most likely to worsen myocardial ischemia:
1. amlodipine
2. nicardipine (Cardene)
3. nitrendipine
4. nimodipine (Nimotop)
5. all the above
Effect of calcium channel blockers in a patient with SA or AV nodal conduction disease:
1. worsen conduction
2. improve conduction
Mechanisms which could worsen ischemia -- as a result of calcium channel blocker administration:
1. hypotension
2. increasing coronary blood flow
3. increased heart rate
4. A & B
5. A, B & C
Calcium channel blocker approved for use in patients with CNS deficits following rupture of congenital intracranial aneurysm:
1. amlodipine (Norvasc)
2. verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)
3. nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)
4. nimodipine (Nimotop)
5. diltiazem (Cardiazem)
Mechanistic basis/bases for antianginal effects of beta-blockers:
1. decreased heart rate
2. decreased contractility
3. decreased blood pressure during exercise
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Better drug class for management of variant angina:
1. beta-blockers
2. calcium channel blockers
3. equally appropriate