Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 27: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Practice Questions

Opioid receptors involved in diarrhea treatment:
1. μ (mu) type opioid receptors on enteric nerves, epithelial cells and muscle
2. δ (delta)-type of opioid receptors on enteric nerves, epithelial cells and muscle.
3. Both
4. Neither
Effect(s) of opioids important in managing diarrhea:
1. Effects on intestinal motility mediated by μ (mu) opioid receptors.
2. Effects on intestinal secretion mediated by δ (delta) opioid receptors.
3. Effects on absorption mediated by both mu and delta opiate receptors.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Typically, the commonly used antidiarrheals in the opioid drug group act mainly by interacting with peripheral μ opiate receptors.
1. True
2. False
Example(s) of commonly used opioid-type antidiarrheal(s):
1. Diphenoxylate
2. Loperamide (Imodium)
3. Difenoxin (Motofen)
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Loperamide:
1. Notable mu opioid receptor activity.
2. 50 times less potent than morphine as an antidiarrheal agent.
3. Very limited access to the central nervous system (CNS).
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Loperamide:
1. Increases both mouth-to-cecum transit times and increases small intestine transit times
2. Exhibits anti-secretory effects against some types of E. coli toxins and against cholera toxin.
3. Both
4. Neither
Loperamide, after oral dosing, exhibits peak levels in about 3-5 hours, undergoes substantial metabolism in the liver.
1. True
2. False
Loperamide is useful in treating traveler's diarrhea either as monotherapy or in combination with antibiotics.
1. True
2. False
Loperamide (Imodium) appears more effective in managing diarrhea compared to Diphenoxylate.
1. True
2. False
Associated with loperamide overdose:
1. Constipation
2. Paralytic ileus
3. Both
4. Neither

Anesthesia Pharmacology: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Practice Questions