Anesthesia Pharmacology: Renal Pharmacology Practice Questions

Prototype carbonic anhydrase inhibitor:
1. furosemide (Lasix)
2. bumetanide (Bumex)
3. acetazolamide (Diamox)
4. triamterene (Dyrenium)
5. mannitol
Acetazolamide (Diamox):
1. alkaline diuresis
2. acid diuresisa
Acetazolamide (Diamox):
1. bicarbonate loss
2. metabolic alkalosis
3. increased cerebrospinal fluid production
4. increased aqueous humor production
5. all of the above
Clinical applications for carbonic anhydrase inhibitors:
1. urinary alkalinization
2. metabolic acidosis
3. acute mountain sickness
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Acetazolamide (Diamox) toxicity:
1. renal stones
2. renal potassium loss
3. hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
4. paresthesias
5. all of the above
Pharmacologic antagonism that mineralocorticoid receptors:
1. furosemide (Lasix)
2. triamterene (Dyrenium)
3. spironolactone (Aldactone)
4. mannitol
Example(s) of potassium-sparing diuretics:
1. chlorothiazide (Diuril)
2. torsemide (Demadex)
3. triamterene (Dyrenium)
4. bumetanide (Bumex)
5. acetazolamide (Diamox)
Clinical uses: potassium-sparing diuretics --
1. Conn's syndrome
2. ectopic ACTH production
3. secondary aldosteronism cause by congestive heart failure
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Concerning toxicity of triamterene (Dyrenium):
1. hypokalemia
2. hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia is less likely when potassium-sparing diuretics are used as the only diuretic drug or the presence of renal insufficiency.
1. true
2. false
Toxicities/adverse effects of potassium-sparing diuretics:
1. hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
2. gynecomastia
3. kidney stones
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Least likelyto be used clinically today:
1. torsemide (Demadex)
2. bumetanide (Bumex)
3. ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)
4. torsemide (Demadex)
Primary site of action of bumetanide (Bumex):
1. distal tubule
2. collecting duct
3. descending loop of Henle
4. ascending loop of Henle
5. proximal tubule
Most effective diuretic in treatment of acute congestive heart failure -- in terms of magnitude of induced diuresis following IV administration:
1. mannitol
2. triamterene (Dyrenium)
3. bumetanide (Bumex)
4. acetazolamide (Diamox)
Major clinical use(s) of loop diuretics:
1. management of acute pulmonary edema
2. management of acute hypercalcemia
3. management of systemic edema
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Clinical uses of loop diuretics:
1. management of acute hypercalcemia
2. management of anion overload
3. acute renal failure
4. B & C
5. A, B & C
Toxicities/toxicity associated with loop diuretics:
1. hyperkalemic metabolic acidosis
2. ototoxicity
3. hypouricemia
4. hypermagnesemia
Primary site of action of hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ, Esidrix, HydroDIURIL):
1. thin descending loop of Henle
2. thick ascending loop of Henle
3. distal convoluted tubule
4. proximal tubule
5. collecting duct
Thiazide administration will tend to increase uric acid secretion:
1. true
2. false
Thiazides -- clinical use(s):
1. hypertension
2. congestive heart failure
3. nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
4. A & C
5. A, B & C
Toxicities/toxicity associated with thiazide diuretics:
1. hyperkalemic states
2. hypouricemia
3. hypolipidemia
4. hyponatremia
Diuretic drug classes most commonly used in management of hypertension:
1. loop diuretics
2. potassium-sparing diuretics
3. thiazides
4. B & C
5. A & C
Least likely to be used initially in the pharmacological treatment of mild hypertension:
1. ACE inhibitor
2. calcium channel blocker
3. beta-blocker
4. thiazide
5. vasodilator
Clinical use(s) for osmotic diuretics:
1. increase urine volume
2. decreased intracranial pressure
3. both
4. neither
Primary treatment of Central (cranial) diabetes insipidus: antidiuretic peptides, e.g. desmopressin {DDAVP}:
1. true
2. false