Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 26: Renal Pharmacology Practice Questions

Diuretics are described as drugs that increase rate of urine flow.
1. True
2. False
Characteristic(s) of clinically relevant diuretics:
1. Increase sodium excretion
2. Increasing rate of anion excretion (often chloride)
3. Both
4. Neither
Continued diuretic administration results in progressive reduction of natriuresis due to compensating effects (diuretic breaking)..
1. True
2. False
Diuretic breaking, the loss of diuretic effect in the setting of continued drug administration, may occur as a result of which one(s) of the following?
1. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity
2. Increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis..
3. Reduced renal arterial blood pressure
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Diuretic breaking, the loss of diuretic effect in the setting of continued drug administration, may occur as a result of which one(s) of the following?
1. Possible changes in natriuretic hormone e.g. ANP:atrial natriuretic peptide
2. Enhanced expression of the kidney epithelial transporter
3. Epithelial cell hypertrophy (renal)
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Which one(s) of the following belong to the carbonic anhydrase class of diuretics?
1. Dichlorphenamide (Keveyis)
2. Methazolamide (Neptazane)
3. Acetazolamide (Diamox)
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase results in a rapid rise in urinary HCO₃^- excretion (about 35% of filtered load).
1. True
2. False
Filtered bicarbonate anion in amounts associated with carbonic anhydrase inhibition due to for example acetazolamide is accompanied by which one(s) of the following?
1. Reduced urinary pH
2. Development of metabolic alkalosis
3. Both
4. Neither
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, by decreasing proximal reabsorption, promotes solute delivery to the macula densa.
1. True
2. False
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor-associated increase solid delivery to the macula densa results in which one(s) of the following?
1. Activation of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF)
2. As a result of TGF, afferent arteriolar resistance is increased.
3. As a result of TGF, renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate decline.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C