Medical Pharmacology: Antiviral Drug Practice Questions
Click on the correct answer.
Nevirapine (Viramune):
Nevirapine binding to HIV reverse transcriptase is of the noncompetitive inhibition type.
Rapid resistance to the action of nevirapine
develops rapidly if nevirapine is used as monotherapy instead of in combination with other antivirals.
Both
Neither
Nevirapine undergoes substantial metabolism by the CYP3A cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing enzyme isoform.
True
False
Nevirapine (Viramune)
Excellent oral bioavailability (>90%)
Food independent
Both
Neither
Nevirapine pharmacokinetics:
CSF levels of the drug are about half that observed in plasma.
Serum half-life: about a day (25-30 hours)
Both
Neither
Nevirapine is metabolized by CYP3A to hydroxylated derivatives. Nevirapine metabolites are excreted mainly in the urine.
True
False
Nevirapine(Viramune) FDA-approved:
Treatment for HIV-1 in adults and children. ( in combination with other antiviral drugs)
Nevirapine has been approved for administration to infants and children >15 days old. Dosing utilizes body surface area for calculation.
Both
Neither
Single-dose nevirapine had been used frequently for prevention of mother to child HIV transmission in pregnant HIV patients. More recently, pregnant HIV women receive permanent multidrug antiviral protocols.
True
False
Nevirapine pharmacokinetics:
Nevirapine cross the placenta.
Nevirapine has been identified in breast milk.
Nevirapine induces elevated synthesis of cytochrome P450 isoforms and induces its own metabolism.
A & B
B & C
A & C
A, B & C
Most commonly observed adverse effect following the virapine administration is rash which occurs with a frequency of about 15%.
True
False
Nevirapine induction of CYP3A4 results in nevirapine decreasing plasma levels of others CYP3A4 drugs, for example methadone as well as the ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone.
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Source Material:
Acosta EP Chapter 62 Antiviral Agents (Nonretroviral)
in Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmcological
Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL Knollmann BC eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
Safrin S Chapter 49 Antiviral Agents in
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Katzung BG, Editor;
Vanderah TW, Associate editor) 15e McGraw Hill 2021.
Li JZ Coen DM Chapter 38 Pharmacology of
Viral Infections in Principles of Pharmacology:
The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy 4e (Golan DE
Armstong EJ Armstrong AW, eds) Wolters Kluwer 2017.
Waller DB Sampson AP Section 11
Chemotherapy in Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Elsevier 2018.
Burchum JR Rosenthal LD Chapter 97
Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections
in Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Elsevier 2022.
Waller DB Sampson AP Section 11: Chapter
51
Chemotherapy of infections in Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Elsevier 2018.
Benavides S Bahal O'Mara N Nahata MC
Chapter 79 Viral Infections in Applied Therapeutics:
The Clinical Use of Drugs (Zeind C, Carvalho MG Cheng JW
Zaiken K Lapointe T, eds) Wolters Kluwer, 2024.
Davanathan AS Symonds AE Adams JL
Cottrell ML Chapter 76 Pharmacotherapy of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
in Applied
Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs (Zeind C, Carvalho MG Cheng JW
Zaiken K Lapointe T, eds) Wolters Kluwer, 2024.
Flexner CW Chapter 64 Antiretroviral
Agents and Treatment of HIV Infection
in Goodman &
Gilman's: The Pharmcological
Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL Knollmann BC eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.
Burchum JR Rosenthal LD Chapter
98
Antiviral Agents II: Drugs for HIV Infection and Related
Opportunistic Infections
in Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Elsevier 2022.
Woster PM Chapter 30 Drugs Used to Treat
Viral Infections in Foye's Principles of Medicinal
Chemistry 8e (Roche VF Zito SW Lemke TL Williams DA, eds)
Wolters Kluwer 2020.
