Medical Pharmacology: Antiviral Drug Practice Questions

Medical Pharmacology: Antiviral Drug Practice Questions

Click on the correct answer.

Side effect/effects associated with protease inhibitors:
1. Lipodystrophy
2. GI intolerance
3. Both
4. Neither
Redistribution along with accumulation of body fat is a syndrome associated with protease inhibitor administration.
1. True
2. False
The syndrome of body fat accumulation in redistribution manifestation include/includes:
1. Breast enlargement
2. Facial wasting
3. Both
4. Neither
Protease inhibitor administration is not associated with cardiac or cardiovascular abnormalities.
1. True
2. False
A reduced likelihood of GI side effects such as vomiting and diarrhea are noted in the more recently introduced protease inhibitors such as as atazanavir (Reyataz) and daruanavir (Prezista) compared to older protease inhibitors.
1. True
2. False
This protease inhibitor involves G.I. metabolic step for activation.
1. Atazanavir (Reyataz)
2. Darunavir (Prezista)
3. Fosamprenavir (Telzir, Lexiva)
4. Tipranavir (Aptivus)
For the most part protease inhibitors undergo hepatic metabolism catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 drug metabolizing isoform CYP3A or CYP3A4. Ritonovir is metabolized by CYP2D6 in addition to CYP3A4. Nelfinavir (Viracept) is metabolized by CYP2C19 and CYP3A4.
1. True
2. False
Protease inhibitor-induced hepatitis and rarely severe hepatotoxicity has been noted with certain protease inhibitors more than others. For example, adverse hepatic effects appear more likely with the combination tipranavir/ritonovir compared to other protease inhibitors.
1. True
Side effect/effects associated with protease inhibitor administration.
1. Increase bleeding (spontaneous) in those patients with hemophilia A or B.
2. Patients receiving the combination agent tipranavir/ritonavir may be an increased risk for brain bleed.
3. Since some protease inhibitors are sulfonamides, patients with a sulfa allergy history should avoid these agents which include darunavir, tipranavir, fosamprenavir/amprenavir.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Protease inhibitor administration appears to be associated with new-onset diabetes, hyperglycemia and worsening of existing diabetes.
1. True
2. False

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Source Material:

Acosta EP Chapter 62 Antiviral Agents (Nonretroviral) in Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmcological Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL Knollmann BC eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.

Safrin S Chapter 49 Antiviral Agents in Basic & Clinical Pharmacology (Katzung BG, Editor; Vanderah TW, Associate editor) 15e McGraw Hill 2021.

Li JZ Coen DM Chapter 38 Pharmacology of Viral Infections in Principles of Pharmacology: The Pathophysiologic Basis of Drug Therapy 4e (Golan DE Armstong EJ Armstrong AW, eds) Wolters Kluwer 2017.

Waller DB Sampson AP Section 11 Chemotherapy in Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Elsevier 2018.

Burchum JR Rosenthal LD Chapter 97 Antiviral Agents I: Drugs for Non-HIV Viral Infections in Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Elsevier 2022.

Waller DB Sampson AP Section 11: Chapter 51 Chemotherapy of infections in Medical Pharmacology & Therapeutics Elsevier 2018.

Benavides S Bahal O'Mara N Nahata MC Chapter 79 Viral Infections in Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs (Zeind C, Carvalho MG Cheng JW Zaiken K Lapointe T, eds) Wolters Kluwer, 2024.

Davanathan AS Symonds AE Adams JL Cottrell ML Chapter 76 Pharmacotherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Applied Therapeutics: The Clinical Use of Drugs (Zeind C, Carvalho MG Cheng JW Zaiken K Lapointe T, eds) Wolters Kluwer, 2024.

Flexner CW Chapter 64 Antiretroviral Agents and Treatment of HIV Infection in Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmcological Basis of Therapeutics, 14e, (Brunton LL Knollmann BC eds) McGraw-Hill Education, 2023.

Burchum JR Rosenthal LD Chapter 98 Antiviral Agents II: Drugs for HIV Infection and Related Opportunistic Infections in Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care Elsevier 2022.

Woster PM Chapter 30 Drugs Used to Treat Viral Infections in Foye's Principles of Medicinal Chemistry 8e (Roche VF Zito SW Lemke TL Williams DA, eds) Wolters Kluwer 2020.