PgP (P-glycoprotein 1), MDR1 (multidrug resistance gene 1) is typically underexpressed in tumor cells following exposure to anticancer cytotoxic drugs.

MRP4 (multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 a.k.a. ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 4 overexpression has been linked to antiviral nucleoside analog drug resistance.

Decreased expression of drug transporters responsible for movement of drugs into the cell may result in effective drug resistance which may be seen for which one/ones of the following agent(s)?

Category/categories of adverse effects it may be considered transporter-mediated:

Hepatic and renal transporters are important factors that influence drug levels in the systemic circulation. Which one/ones of the following statements is/ are is correct?

The antidiarrheal drug loperamide does not accumulate in the CNS because loperamide is a substrate for PgP, a transporter that impedes drug transport into the brain.

Drug transport of certain drugs into tissue may induce substantial toxicity. for example, metformin, a biguanide-type of drug used to manage type II diabetes may induce lactic acidosis. Lacticacidosis development appears dependent on a transporter-mediated uptake mechanism.

Diffusion of drugs across cellular plasma membranes via a membrane transporter depends on energy input.

Membrane transport involving direct coupling to a hydrolysis of ATP is considered "primary active transport".

Membrane transporters associated with the SLC and ABC superfamily represent multi-membrane-spanning protein complexes.