Anesthesia Pharmacology Chapter 26: Renal Pharmacology Practice Questions

Primary site of glucose reabsorption following glucose glomerular filtration:
1. Proximal Convoluted tubule
2. Distal tubule
3. Collecting duct
4. Loop of Henle
Most (90%) of glucose reabsorption is mediated through the sodium cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) antagonists.
1. True
2. False
Current SGLT2 inhibitors diminished the cosecretion by:
1. 5%
2. 10%
3. 30%-50%
4. Greater than 80%
Example/examples of SGLT2 inhibitor(s) (USA):
1. Dapagliflozin (Forxiga;Farxiga)
2. Canagliflozin (Invokana;Sulisent; Prominad)
3. Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Concerning sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors:
1. SGLT2 synthesis may be induced by means of the angiotensin1 (AT₁) receptor.
2. Angiotensin II working through the AT1 receptor enhances SGLT2 production
3. Both
4. Neither
As a result of increased glucose excretion mediated by SGLT2 antagonist (sodium glucose cotransporter 2), urinary volume is increased.
1. True
2. False
SGLT2 antagonists are commonly used as augmenting diuretics.
1. True
2. False
Using SGLT2 inhibitors may predispose to increase risk of urinary tract infections.
1. True
2. False
Concerning Canagliflozin:
1. May reduce HbA1c by about 0.6-1%.
2. Weight loss associated with canagliflozin administration is in the range of 2-5 kilogram
3. Both
4. Neither
Empagliflozin:
1. Decreases HbA1c by about 0.5-0.7%.
2. Empagliflozin administration induces weight loss in the range of 2-3 kg
3. Both
4. Neither