Anesthesia Pharmacology:  Physics and Anesthesiology

 

 

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  • 17"This frontal view of the chest shows complete collapse of the right lung. The air within the right pleural cavity is much more lucent than the air-filled left lung. The air-fluid level in the rightlower lung zone indicates the presence of hydro or hemothorax." Chest Teaching File, Wayne State University

  • 18"PA view of a patient with large right-sided tension
    pneumothorax, causing a leftward shift of the mediastinum."-Michael L. Richardson, M.D., University of Washington

 

21CO2 Level Assessment: Capnography

 

 

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23Normal Capnogram (left) & Esophageal Capnogram following ingested Soda (Right) (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

21Capnogram Generation

 

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21Abnormally Elevated Capnographic CO2  Baselines

 

21Some Unusual Capnogram Waveforms

 

 

 

23Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University

Abnormal Capnograms Causes by Circuit Valve Defects

Unidirectional Inspiratory Valve Defect

 

Expiratory Valve Defect  (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Normal Capnogram for Comparison

 

Esophageal Intubation I

 (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Esophageal Intubation II 

(23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

 

Esophageal Ventilation (MASK)  (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Normal Capnogram for Comparison   (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

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Malignant Hyperpyrexia 

(23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

Hyperventilation  

(23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

Hypoventilation 

(23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

 

 

 

 

Exhausted soda lime (example 1)(23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Exhausted soda lime (example 2) (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

Dilution of CO2 by Fresh Gas Flow (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Acute Reduction in Cardiac Output (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Pulmonary Embolism (23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

 

Leaks in Sampling Tube

(23 Capnograms from Kodali. Bhavani Shankar MD, Harvard University)

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Citations