Medical Pharmacology Chapter 27: Gastrointestingal Pharmacology Practice Questions

α₂ adrenergic receptor agonists may be useful in managing diarrhea under certain circumstances:
1. True
2. False
Characteristic(s) of clonidine antidiarrheal effects:
1. Site of action would be α₂ adrenergic receptors localized on enterocytes and enteric neurons.
2. Clonidine administration increases intestinal transit time
3. Both
4. Neither
Clinical application(s) (antidiarrheal) associated with α₂ adrenergic receptor agonists
1. May be useful in diabetic patients exhibiting chronic diarrhea.
2. Clonidine, an α₂ adrenergic receptor agonist, May be helpful in managing diarrhea secondary to opiate withdrawal.
3. Both
4. Neither
Clonidine pharmacology in the context of anti-diarrhea use:
1. Oral clonidine may be effective in managing chronic diarrhea in diabetic patients
2. The topical route of administration for clonidine may result in more constant drug plasma levels compared oral administration.
3. Clonidine side effects include fatigue, depression, and hypotension.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Octreotide, on octapeptide analog of somatostatin, can inhibit severe secretory diarrhea induced by pancreatic and G.I. hormone secreting tumors.
1. True
2. False
Octreotide pharmacology and clinical use(s):
1. Most effective use: managing dumping syndrome noted in certain individuals following gastric surgery and pyloroplasty.
2. Octreotide inhibits serotonin and the G.I. peptide secretion.
3. Both
4. Neither
Octreotide administration and metabolism:
1. Administration: IV (bolus) or subcutaneous.
2. Hepatic metabolism (plasma half-life = 1-2 min.)
3. Both
4. Neither
Long-acting octreotide acetate preparation:
1. Drug inside biodegradable microspheres.
2. This preparation suitable for diarrhea management secondary to carcinoid tumors and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-secreting tumors
3. May be helpful in treating acromegaly.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Cardiovascular effectsassociated with octreotide (and SST) administration:
1. Reduced hepatic bloodflow
2. Reduced hepatic venous which pressure
3. Decreased azygous (vein found along the side of the thoracic vertebral column draining towards a superior vena cava) bloodflow
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Octreotide cardiovascular effects and clinical use:
1. Octreotide may be helpful in managing portal hypertension by constricting splanchnic arterioles and inhibiting peptides associated with hyperdynamic circulatory characteristics of portal hypertension.
2. For individuals exhibiting variceal bleeding, octreotide is typically administered just prior to endoscopy.
3. Both
4. Neither

Medical Pharmacology: Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Practice Questions