Medical Pharmacology: Thyroid Pharmacology Practice Questions

**"Hypothyroidism: Mayo Clinic Radio"**

Attributions: Gharib H Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypothyroidism (October 12, 2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jl65GULkC0I (9 min) Mayo Clinic: https://www.youtube.com/@MayoClinic

Transient causes of hypothyroidism:
1. Silent thyroiditis (such as postpartum thyroiditis)
2. Following ¹³¹I treatment for Graves' disease.
3. Both
4. Neither
Example/examples of secondary hypothyroidism:
1. Bexarotene (Targretin) treatment
2. Isolated TSH deficiency/inactivity
3. Autoimmune hypothyroidism
4. Infiltrative disorders such as amyloidosis.
5. A & B
6. B & C
7. A & C
8. A, B & C
Primary hypothyroidism:
1. Iodine deficiency
2. Congenital hypothyroidism resulting from ectopic thyroid gland (or absence), TSH-R mutation, dyshormonogenesis.
3. Both
4. Neither
Mutations/mutations resulting in congenital hypothyroidism:
1. May involve loss of elements of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone TRH/TSH hormonal pathways
2. May involve abnormal thyroid hormone synthesis.
3. Both
4. Neither
Most common cause of neonatal hypothyroidism:
1. TSH-R antibodies
2. Thyroid gland dysgenesis
3. Errors (inborn) of thyroid hormone synthesis
The current primary means to diagnose infants with hypothyroidism is the use of biochemical screening tests.
1. True
2. False
Factor/factors that may cause euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia i.e. elevated total T₄ with normal TSH and normal free T₄).
1. Increased thyroid hormone to albumin binding.
2. Increased binding of transthyretin to thyroid hormone.
3. Increased thyroxine-binding globulin synthesis.
4. A & B
5. B & C
6. A & C
7. A, B & C
Factor/factors that may cause hypothyroxinemia (reduced total T₄, normal TSH, normal free T₄):
1. Increased metabolism of thyroid hormones for example due to drugs such as phenobarbital or phenytoin.
2. Reduced thyroxine-binding globulin synthesis.
3. Both
4. Neither
Factor/factors that may decrease thyroxine-binding globulin synthesis:
1. Malnutrition
2. Drugs such as androgens and L-asparaginase.
3. Both
4. Neither
Factor/factors that increase(s) thyroxine-binding globulin clearance:
1. Nephrotic syndrome
2. Protein-losing enteropathy
3. Both
4. Neither

"**Hyperthyroidism vs Hypothyroidism: Symptoms MADE EASY [Thyroid Explained]**"

Attribution: EZmed: Hyperthyoidism vs Hypothyroidism (March 16, 2022) (16 min) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=47HYktFARww EZmed: https://www.youtube.com/@ezmed